Covid brain fog duration12/9/2023 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing was performed on all samples (Abbott m2000 platform, Abbott Park, IL, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions as described previously ( 8). Collections at 28 days after study enrollment were performed primarily in-person at a research clinic visit with the study staff guiding or performing the collection. Collections at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 42 days after study enrollment were self-collected into study-provided vials with guidance by phone or video call from the study staff and frozen immediately. Mid-turbinate nasal swabs were collected in 600-µl volumes of viral transport media, and 200-µl volumes of saliva were collected. Some participants had the option of study sampling on days 5, 10, 35, and 42 from enrollment. ![]() Mid-turbinate nasal swabs and saliva (URT samples) were collected at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days from enrollment. This study protocol and verbal consent were approved by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institutional Review Board. The study was conducted in either English or Spanish. Participants provided verbal consent after documentation of understanding, using a consent waiver with an alteration of informed consent, as most were isolating or quarantining at home. Here, we examine the association between time to viral RNA clearance from the upper respiratory tract (URT) during acute COVID-19 and specific clinical symptoms of long COVID at 90 or more days from acute COVID-19 illness onset in a cohort of people diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19 in the outpatient setting.Ī convenience sample of non-hospitalized adults with a first positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR test within the previous 48 h from the Johns Hopkins Health System and their household contacts were prospectively enrolled between 21 April 2020 and 28 October 2021 ( Supplementary Figure 1) ( 7). However, few longitudinal studies with well-characterized viral dynamics in the acute phase have assessed the relationship between viral persistence and long COVID symptoms, especially in people with mild to moderate acute COVID-19 who represent typical disease severity in the general population. Viral antigen persistence in tissues may be one mechanism of long COVID ( 5, 6). Among the most common and debilitating symptoms are pain and a lack of mental clarity or problems with concentration, also called “brain fog” ( 3, 4). adults who ever had COVID-19 experienced long COVID symptoms lasting 3 months or longer ( 2). The United States Census Household Pulse Survey of December 2022 estimates that 28% of U.S. ![]() The incidence of long coronavirus disease (COVID) is substantial, even in people who did not require hospitalization for acute COVID-19 ( 1).
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